Singular Value Decomposition Entropy Analysis and Deep Learning models based on Genetic Algorithms for early diagnosis of Fetal Arrhythmia

Zayd Isaac Valdez1, Luz Alexandra Dı́az1, Miguel Vizcardo2, Antonio Gabriel Ravelo-Garcı́a3
1Escuela Profesional de Fı́sica, Universidad Nacional de San Agustı́n de Arequipa, 2Universidad Nacional de San Agustin de Arequipa, 3Institute for Technological Development and Innovation in Communications, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain Interactive Technologies Institute (ITI/LARSyS and ARDITI), 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal


Abstract

The term fetal arrhythmia refers to irregular fetal heart rhythms, with the established heart rate range being 110 to 160 beats per minute (bpm). Fetal arrhythmias occurin 1 to 2% of pregnancies; and although the majority of these are benign and transient, both tachyarrhythmia and bradyarrhythmia in some cases can indicate a serious condition for the fetus or the mother. Thus, a persistent fetal arrhythmia can lead to decreased cardiac output, heart failure, hydrops, and even fetal demise. As a result of this situation, an early diagnosis is crucial to adequately address this condition and reduce related mortality. Therefore, this study proposes the use of SVD entropy for characterizing ECG data from 6 channels (fetal and maternal), aiming to differentiate between healthy and diseased individuals. Consequently, a neural network could classify them, thus enabling a non-invasive early diagnosis of fetal arrhythmia. Additionally, it aims to enhance the performance of this technique by employing genetic algorithms for data augmentation and selecting the optimal architecture for the neural network, thereby ensuring a global accuracy of over 88% in fetal arrhythmia risk stratification.