Introduction: Cardiac arrhythmias, driven by complex electrophysiological mechanisms, necessitate precise characterization for effective therapies. This study aimed to elucidate the spatiotemporal dynamics of cardiac arrhythmias using simultaneous epicardial electrical and panoramic optical mapping in Langendorff-perfused rabbit hearts. Methods: Isolated Langendorff-perfused rabbit hearts were maintained at 37°C with a modified Krebs-Henseleit buffer. Arrhythmias were induced using carbachol (1 µM) and S1–S2 pacing (20 Hz, 2 ms pulse width). Electrical mapping was performed with three 16-electrode arrays placed on the right atrium, left atrium, and ventricle, sampled at 4 kHz. Optical mapping used voltage-sensitive dye di-4-ANBDQPQ, and three high-speed cameras (500 fps) positioned at 120° between them. Preprocessing included notch filtering and Butterworth bandpass filtering (0.5–250 Hz) for electrical signals, and Gaussian smoothing for optical signals. Independent Component Analysis was applied to remove ventricular farfield. Isopotential and phase maps were generated from electrical and optical data, respectively. Results: The optical phase map during AF reveals disorganized spiral waves while the fluorescence map displays irregular potential distributions. Electrical signals from the RA show rapid, irregular activity with a dominant frequency of 7.7 activations/s. Atrial bigeminy exhibits non-reentrant behavior with alternating cycle lengths, firing in different regions of the atria. Optical phase and isopotential maps during VT capture a stable and persistent rotor (cycle duration: 128 ms). In VF, optical phase maps show disorganized wavefronts with multiple transient rotors and the fluorescence map highlights chaotic potential distributions across the ventricles. Both optical and electrical data demonstrate consistent wavefront propagation from the right ventricle toward the anterior surface of the heart. Conclusion: This integrated mapping approach provides insights into arrhythmic substrates. Optical and electrical data aligning closely, but electrical mapping, as in clinic, suffers from reduced covered area when compared with panoramic optical mapping.